https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45269 Wed 26 Oct 2022 16:52:10 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42460 FTO) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9939609 is a major SNP associated with obesity and has been used as an instrumental variable for obesity in a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. An interaction between the FTO SNP and macronutrient intake for obesity was suggested previously. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the associations between obesity and cataract, using FTO SNP rs9939609 as an instrumental variable in an MR approach, and explore interactions of this SNP with macronutrient intake in relation to risk of cataract in a population-based cohort. Methods: The Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) is a longitudinal population-based study of common eye disease. Of 3654 baseline participants of the BMES (1992-1994), 2334 (75.8% of survivors) and 1952 (76.7% of survivors) were followed 5 and 10 y later. During the 5-y follow-up, 1174 new participants were examined. Cumulative cataract was defined as the presence of cortical, nuclear, or posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract at any visit, following the Wisconsin Cataract Grading System. Imputed dosage of the FTO SNP rs9939609 was used. Quintiles of macronutrient intake (carbohydrates, protein, fats) were derived from an FFQ. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models. Results: After multivariable adjustment, there were no associations between BMI and any cataract types in MR models using rs9939609 as an instrumental variable. However, an interaction between rs9939609 and protein intake for PSC cataract risk was suggested (P = 0.03). In analyses stratified by quintiles of protein intake, each minor allele of rs9939609 was associated with increased odds of PSC (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.27, 3.60) in the lowest quintile subgroup only. Conclusions: Obesity was not causally associated with age-related cataract. However, among persons in the lowest quintile of protein intake, obesity may be associated with PSC cataract.]]> Wed 24 Aug 2022 11:18:26 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:15182 Wed 11 Apr 2018 10:23:43 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29933 15 µmol/L: OR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.38-3.63) were independently associated with increased risk of cortical cataract. Path analysis showed that the genetic effect on cortical cataract was partially mediated via homocysteine levels. Combined CT/TT genotypes and elevated homocysteine levels were associated with a 3-fold risk of cortical cataract (OR = 3.74; 95% CI = 1.79-7.80). The synergy index of both exposures was 1.34 (95% CI = 0.44-4.01). Conclusions and Relevance: MTHFR polymorphism and elevated homocysteine levels contributed separately and jointly to increased risk of cortical cataract. If these findings are confirmed, homocysteine levels may be a therapeutic target to reduce risk of cortical cataract in persons carrying genetic risk.]]> Wed 10 Nov 2021 15:04:55 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:10741 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:14:29 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:11307 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:12:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21419 P=0.02), diastolic (P=0.01), and arterial blood pressures (P=0.002), respectively, 5 years later. In girls, each 1-SD increase in dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, carbohydrate, and fructose was concurrently related to increases of 1.81 (P=0.001), 4.02 (P=0.01), 4.74 (P=0.01), and 1.80 mm Hg (P=0.03) in systolic blood pressure, respectively, >5 years. Significant associations between carbohydrate nutrition variables and blood pressure were not observed among boys. Excessive dietary intake of carbohydrates, specifically from high glycemic index/glycemic load foods, could adversely influence blood pressure, particularly in girls, whereas fiber-rich diets may be protective against elevated blood pressure during adolescence.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:05:02 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18445 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:59:47 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21315 P = 0.0009) but nonsignificant interactions between genetic risk status and weekly fish consumption (P = 0.05) for risk of any AMD. Among participants with high genetic risk, the highest intake tertile of LZ was associated with a >20% reduced risk of early AMD, and weekly consumption of fish was associated with a 40% reduced risk of late AMD. No similar association was evident among participants with low genetic risk. No interaction was detected between ß-carotene or vitamin C and genetic risk status. Conclusions Protection against AMD from greater LZ and fish consumption in persons with high genetic risk based on 2 major AMD genes raises the possibility of personalized preventive interventions.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:52:47 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49503 Fri 19 May 2023 12:58:08 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39905 2 fruit serves/day (p < .001), 2.5% increase in eating >4 vegetable serves/day (p  < .05), a 4.3% increase in drinking <1 cup/day of SSB (p  < .001) but limiting screen-time <2 hours/day decreased by 4.4% (p  < .001). There were significant improvements in students’ intentions to change EBRBs over the next month, with the exception of MVPA. The average actual cost of implementing the SALSA programme in 2014–2015 was AU$1,388 (US$958) per school and AU$9.97 (US$6.88) per student. Conclusion: The SALSA peer education programme had a positive impact on most of the dietary EBRBs examined. The cost evaluation showed that it is a relatively low-cost programme to implement.]]> Fri 15 Jul 2022 11:28:11 AEST ]]>